Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Minerals and Metals

The Physics and Chemistry of Materials highlights the physical and chemical origins of solid-state properties while focusing on technologically significant materials that scientists and engineers are developing and employing.

The Physics and Chemistry of Minerals focuses on how to evaluate atomic structures and physical or chemical properties of minerals using modern techniques or novel theories and models.

Physical characteristics are a key technique to distinguish between materials. Because of the laws of thermal expansion and contraction, most metals have a higher density at lower temperatures. Metals are the electropositive elements, which give electrons and form positive ions, allowing them to become stable.