Periodontal diseases

Periodontal diseases are a type of dental disease that affects the gum tissue and bone that support the teeth. They are caused by bacterial plaque, which accumulates on the teeth and around the gums. It can be difficult to detect and often goes undiagnosed until advanced stages. If left untreated, periodontal disease can lead to gum recession, loose teeth, and even tooth loss. The most common form of periodontal disease is called gingivitis, which is an inflammation of the gums caused by bacteria. The bacteria produce toxins which irritate the gums and cause them to become red, swollen, and bleed easily. If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more serious form of periodontal disease that affects the bone and tissue supporting the teeth. In periodontitis, the gums can become infected and can eventually pull away from the teeth, resulting in pockets between the teeth and gums where bacteria can collect. Treatment for periodontal disease can include scaling and root planning, which involves removing the plaque and tartar from below the gum line and smoothing out the rough surfaces of the roots of the teeth. This can help reduce the inflammation and allow the gums to reattach to the teeth. In more advanced stages, periodontal surgery may be necessary to reconstruct the gum and bone tissue. Preventing periodontal disease is the best way to avoid its complications. Brushing and flossing daily can help remove plaque and reduce the risk of periodontal disease. Regular dental visits are also important, as they allow the dentist to detect any signs of periodontal disease early on and take preventative measures to stop it from progressing.