Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD) is a painful condition that affects the temporomandibular joints. It is a common disorder in dentistry, affecting approximately 10 to 15% of the population worldwide. The temporomandibular joint is the junction where the lower jaw (mandible) attaches to the skull just in front of the ears. When the joints are working properly, they slide smoothly and enable a person to talk, chew, and yawn. TMD is caused by several factors that can include: joint inflammation, teeth clenching/grinding, bruxism, trauma, arthritis, malocclusion, or a malfunctioning joint. Symptoms of TMD often include: pain in the jaw and the muscles around the head and neck, headaches, earaches, dizziness, clicking/popping noises in the jaw when opening/closing the mouth, limited jaw opening, and difficulty chewing. Dentists can use a variety of diagnostic tools to asses the cause of TMD and evaluate the severity of the dysfunction. These may include X-rays, MRI scans, and CT scans. Treatments vary depending on the cause but can include rest, heat or cold applications, exercise, medications, orthodontics, and other therapies. Surgical intervention is typically reserved for severe cases or when other treatments are not effective. TMD is a common disorder, and dentists are typically on the front lines when it comes to diagnosing and treating TMD. Understanding the causes and symptoms of TMD is important for dentists to properly evaluate and treat patients with this condition. Additionally, preventive measures such as mouthguards for bruxism or orthodontic treatment when needed can be beneficial for patients to avoid the onset of TMD.