Gastrin G Cells

Gastrin G Cells, located predominantly in the antrum of the stomach, are specialized endocrine cells responsible for synthesizing and releasing the hormone gastrin. Gastrin plays a pivotal role in regulating various aspects of gastric function. Stimulated by the presence of food, especially proteins, G cells release gastrin into the bloodstream. Gastrin, in turn, acts on the gastric mucosa, particularly stimulating parietal cells to produce gastric acid, essential for the digestion of food. Additionally, gastrin promotes the growth of gastric mucosal cells and enhances blood flow to the stomach. The release of gastrin is tightly regulated by feedback mechanisms, ensuring a coordinated response to dietary stimuli. Dysregulation of gastrin production can lead to conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, characterized by excessive gastric acid secretion, peptic ulcers, and gastrin-secreting tumors. Understanding the intricate role of gastrin G cells provides insights into gastrointestinal physiology, aiding in the development of therapeutic strategies for disorders associated with gastric acid imbalance and related complications. Research in this area continues to shed light on the complexities of enteroendocrine signaling in the stomach.