Nerve Cells

Nerve Cells, also known as neurons, are fundamental units of the nervous system responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout the body. These highly specialized cells play a crucial role in processing and transmitting information, enabling various functions such as sensory perception, motor control, and cognitive processes. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors, while the axon transmits signals to target cells. The point of connection between two neurons is called a synapse, where signals are transmitted via neurotransmitters. The nervous system is categorized into the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), comprising nerves and ganglia outside the CNS. Motor neurons transmit signals from the CNS to muscles, facilitating movement, while sensory neurons convey information from sensory organs to the CNS. Neurons communicate through action potentials, rapid changes in electrical potential across the cell membrane. This electrochemical communication is essential for information processing and coordination. Neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, often involve dysfunction or degeneration of nerve cells. Research on nerve cells spans neurobiology, neurophysiology, and neuropharmacology, aiming to understand their intricate functions and develop treatments for neurological conditions. Advances in neuroscience continue to deepen our understanding of nerve cells, paving the way for innovative therapies and insights into the complexities of the human brain and nervous system.