Dental Erosion

Dental erosion is a form of tooth wear caused by acids acting locally on the teeth. It is a progressive loss of the hard tissue of the tooth and can eventually lead to tooth destruction if the disease is left untreated. The etiology of dental erosion is complex and involves multiple factors, such as diet and lifestyle, including consumption of acidic beverages and foods, chronic regurgitation, vomiting, anorexia nervosa, gastroesophageal reflux, and habit. Diet is the leading factor contributing to dental erosion. Frequent consumption of acidic drinks, such as carbonated beverages, fruit juices, sport drinks, energy drinks, and even wine and beer, increases the risk of dental erosion. Furthermore, dietary habits such as grazing, drinking acidic drinks between meals, and drinking acidic drinks several times a day can lead to erosion. Inaddition, foods can influence the acidity of the mouth, particularly those with high levels of starch and sugar, such as confectionery, candy, cakes, and muesli bars. Diagnosis and treatment of dental erosion depends on the severity of the erosion. Mild erosion can be treated by significant changes in dietary habits, regular use of fluoride toothpaste, reduction of acidic beverages and foods, using a toothbrush and proper brushing techniques, and a regular dental visit. Severe cases, however, may require direct treatment to prevent progression of dental erosion, for instance by use of non-abrasive enamel-like materials, direct restorations, tooth bleaching, crowns, and tooth bonding. Prevention of dental erosion is highly important as dental erosion usually progresses silently, leading to structurally compromised teeth with impaired esthetics and function. Dental professionals should warn patients about the risks of dental erosion and make them aware of preventive measures.