Dental Occlusion

Mouth breathing is an abnormal form of breathing, and can be a sign of an underlying condition. It is a widely recognized problem among children and is often a reflection of chronic airway problems resulting in obstruction or narrowing to the nasal passages. Among the oral health concerns associated with mouth breathing is an altered tongue posture, which can be a difficulty. It has been suggested that this altered posture can lead to increased caries risk for the individual. Mouth breathing can also be associated with changing salivary characteristics. It has been found that with mouth breathing, salivary flow decreases and pH is raised, both of which can increase caries risk. There is evidence that as mouth breathing increases, the oral bacterial load is increased, leading to an increased risk for dental caries and periodontal disease. Additionally, mouth breathing can lead to an increased severity of periodontal diseases like gingivitis and periodontal pocket formation. This is due to the increased oral environment that can occur because of mouth breathing. Research has found that oral bacteria can reach higher levels when someone is mouth breathing. Ongoing mouth breathing over long periods of time can cause potentially serious alterations to facial structures in children. A significant change of facial profile is possible, caused by both the narrowing of the jaw and the exaggerated tongue posture. Additionally, mouth breathing can be a major factor in contributing to dental malocclusion and jaw pain in children. It can also lead to poor sleep, short-term memory problems, lowered self-confidence, and poor academic performance. It is important for dental professionals to look out for signs of mouth breathing and to refer to other specialists, if necessary. It is important that they also advise patients on the potential risks associated with mouth breathing, and to suggest methods to reduce the negative effects, such as improved breathing techniques or avoidance of allergens. With the proper attention and treatment, mouth breathing can be managed properly.