Thrombosis and Anticoagulation

Thrombosis and anticoagulation represent a critical area in hematology due to their major contribution to global morbidity and mortality. Thrombosis occurs when abnormal blood clot formation obstructs blood flow in veins or arteries, leading to conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and arterial thrombotic events. Risk factors include genetic predisposition, malignancy, surgery, immobility, inflammation, pregnancy, and advancing age. Accurate diagnosis relies on clinical assessment, laboratory testing, and imaging techniques. Anticoagulation therapy remains the cornerstone of both prevention and treatment, aiming to reduce clot formation while minimizing bleeding risk. Therapeutic strategies must be individualized based on patient-specific factors, underlying disease, and thrombotic risk profile. Advances in anticoagulant therapy have expanded treatment options and improved safety, allowing more flexible dosing and outpatient management. Special considerations are required for high-risk populations, including patients with cancer, renal impairment, or bleeding disorders. Ongoing research focuses on optimizing anticoagulation duration, identifying predictive biomarkers, and developing safer therapies. Thrombosis and anticoagulation continue to be a dynamic field, integrating clinical practice, laboratory medicine, and personalized care approaches.