The Iron Age, which began approximately 1200 BCE, is when steel was first discovered. When iron ore was first extracted, it was in Central Asia and Europe. In a process known as ferrous metallurgy, people utilised iron to manufacture tools and weapons at this period. During this period, wrought iron objects first appeared, created by blacksmiths. These craftsmen understood how to preheat iron ore, and blacksmiths would purge the metal of impurities and create a strong, malleable end product by utilising a hammer and anvil method. Steel is typically made nowadays in one of two ways:
Blast furnace: In a furnace, raw iron ore and tiny quantities of steel waste are combined using the blast furnace process, commonly referred to as the basic oxygen process BOP. The furnace is then heated by the introduction of pure oxygen. At this temperature, the scrap metal not only melts into a liquid, but the impurities in the iron are also oxidised, entirely evaporating. As a result of the high temperature and reduction of the carbon content to its optimal ratio, liquid steel is produced.
Electric arc furnaces: The electric arc furnace EAF process involves melting a lot of steel scrap into liquid using high-current electric arcs produced by electrodes. When the steel scrap metal has reached the necessary proportion of steel to other alloys, such as chromium and nickel, which produce stainless steel, the experts add additional ferroalloys. Then, oxygen is blasted into the furnace together with lime and fluorspar to further purify the steel. These chemicals form slag when they mix with the impurities in the steel. After that, the slag rises to the surface of the molten steel and is scooped off, leaving the pure steel behind.
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Sessions are CPD-accredited; certificates issued to every registered delegate within two weeks of the conference.
Oral and poster slots for original Steel Forming Processes work, reviewed by the scientific committee.
Meet materials researchers, engineers, and academics from around the world across three days.
Accepted abstracts appear in the indexed conference proceedings with a citable DOI.
Plenary lectures from leading voices shaping Steel Forming Processes research and practice.
Attend in person in Singapore or join virtually — same programme, same certificate.
Oral and poster slots for your work — in person in Singapore or online. Not presenting? Attend as a delegate to learn from the field.
The Steel Forming Processes track is a dedicated stream within Materials 2027 covering the latest research, methods, and applications in Steel Forming Processes. It brings together researchers, engineers, and academics for oral presentations, posters, and discussion.
Materials researchers, engineers, educators, doctoral students, and R&D leaders with an interest in Steel Forming Processes are all welcome — whether presenting or attending.
Yes. Submit an abstract for oral or poster presentation. All submissions are peer-reviewed by the scientific committee; accepted abstracts appear in the indexed proceedings.
Yes. Materials 2027 is a hybrid conference — attend the Steel Forming Processes track in person in Singapore or join live online, with on-demand access afterward.
Singapore · March 18–20, 2027· Hybrid · in-person & virtual
Attend without presenting.
