Photonic Materials and Metamaterials 

Metamaterial is an artificially structured material that exhibits extraordinary electromagnetic properties not available or not easily obtainable in nature. The properties of metamaterials are tailored by manipulating their internal physical structure. This causes them remarkably diverse from ordinary materials, whose properties are principally concluded by their chemical constituents and bonds.

Applications:

Metamaterials are under consideration for many applications.

1. Antennas: Metamaterial antennas are a class of antennas that use metamaterials to develop performance. Demonstrations exhibited that metamaterials could improve an antenna's radiated power. Materials that can attain negative permeability allow for properties like small antenna size, high directivity, and tunable frequency.

2. Absorber: A metamaterial absorber manipulates the loss components of metamaterials' permittivity and magnetic permeability, to absorb large quantities of electromagnetic waves. This is a valuable quality for photodetection and solar photovoltaic applications.

3. Superlens: A superlens is a two or three-dimensional device that uses metamaterials, usually with negative refraction properties, to achieve resolution beyond the diffraction limit. Such behavior is enabled by the potential of double-negative materials to yield negative phase velocity. The diffraction limit is inherent in conventional optical devices or lenses.