HYBRID EVENT: You can participate in person at Valencia, Spain or Virtually from your home or work.
Shima Abdollahi, Speaker at Food and Nutrition Conferences
North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Abstract:

Background: Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have supported the beneficial effects of higher meal frequency (MF) on cardiometabolic risk factors, the putative effects of higher MF on health remain inconclusive. This study systematically reviewed the evidence from RCTs of the effect of higher compared with lower MF on the blood lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and adipokines.
Methods: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane database were searched up to October 2020 to retrieve relevant RCTs. A DerSimonian and Laird random effects model was used to pool mean differences and 95% CI for each outcome. The quality of studies and evidence was assessed through standard methods.
Results: Twenty-one RCTs (686 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. Overall results showeda significant improvement in total cholesterol [weighted mean difference (WMD) ¼ 6.08 mg/dl; 95% CI: 10.68, 1.48; P ¼ 0.01; I2 ¼ 88%], and low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD ¼ 6.82 mg/dl; 95% CI: 10.97, 1.60; P ¼ 0.009; I2 ¼ 85.7%), while LDL-C to high-density cholesterol ratio (LDL-C: HDL-C) increased (WMD ¼ 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.36; P ¼ 0.003; I2 ¼ 0.0%) in higher MF vs. lower MF. No significant effects were found on measures of glycemic control, apolipoproteins-A1 and B, or leptin. In subgroup analyses, higher MF significantly reduced serum triglyceride (TG), and increased HDL-C, compared with lower MF in interventions > 12 weeks, and decreased serum TC and LDL-C in healthy participants. A significant reduction in LDL-C also was observed in studies where the same foods given both arms, simply divided into different feeding occasions, and in feeding studies, following higher MF compared to lower MF.
Conclusion: Our meta-analysis found that higher, compared with lower MF may improve total cholesterol, and LDL-C. The intervention does not affect measures of glycemic control, apolipoproteins-A1 and B, or leptin. However, the GRADE ratings of low credibility of the currently available evidence highlights the need for more high-quality studies in order to reach a firm conclusion

Audience Take Away Notes: 

  • Clinicians and dietitians can use our findings as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of patients with hypercholesterolemia
  • Future studies could address the nitty-gritty of this issue, such as how many meals are best for anthropometric indices or cardiometabolic indices.

Biography:

(Dr. Abdollahi is currently an academic member of the Faculty of Health at the North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences (NKUMS), as an Assistant professor. Dr. Abdollahi completed her Ph.D. in 2019, and her Ph.D. thesis was supported by a grant from the Iranian National Science Foundation. Dr. Abdollahi’s publications are reflective of her experience in systematic reviews and meta-analysis, as well as randomized controlled trials of which she has been primary or co-author on 31 papers and 3 book chapters. She was also named Top Researcher, at NKUMS in 2021.)

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