Abstract:
Although boron (B) is essential for plants, some bacteria, fungi, and algae, in terms of human health, its role has recently been defined as essential nutrient into host–bacterial symbiosis in human and animal health. B promotes biofilm formation by up-regulating the expression levels of biofilm-related genes, improving the activity of the quorum sensing system. Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is synthesized inside the bacteria, while AI-2–borate (AI-2B) is synthesized outside the bacteria in the presence of borate anion. AI-2B might be involved in host association with commensal bacteria rather than pathogens, as commensal bacteria are usually associated with epithelia, whereas pathogenic bacteria are usually detected on the basolateral surface. Microbiota-accessible B complexes are essential nutrients in the symbiosis between the microbiota and the human and animal host. Most of the known effects of B on human and animal health can be explained by the fact that B is an essential nutrient on healthy symbiosis. The mechanism of action of naturally occurring borate species is related both to the B signaling molecule (AI-2B) and to the fortification of the gel layer of the colonic mucus with prebiotic boron complexes (PBCs), such as recently discovered diester chlorogenoborate (DCB) complex. DCB may be a promising new prebiotic candidate to target the human/animal microbiome. New knowledge about the essentiality of B species for a healthy symbiosis between human/animal hosts and microbiota will lead to the use of natural B-based nutraceuticals, such as DCB complex, to target the human/animal microbiome. Of these, the gut microbiome is the most important for human health. Subsequently, PBCs have become novel prebiotic candidates and target the colon as novel colonic foods. Moreover, B species target colon nutrition, resulting in a healthy gut microbiome, as well as a healthy microbiome in the mouth, vagina, skin, and scalp. Consequently, DCB complex, as a PBC claimed to be nutritionally essential for the symbiosis between the microbiota and the host, plays a role in the prevention of certain diseases, such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, thyroid diseases, depression, oral diseases, obesity, diabetes, viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. DCB complex is potentially useful for increasing the buffering capacity of saliva, positively impacting the oral and gut microbiome, protecting significant probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., improving short-chain fatty acids production, improving intestinal barrier integrity and impermeability, improving the immunity system, developing psychobiotic products with nootropic effects, improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of the microbiome, and providing protection against natural radioactivity in water and soil.
Audience take away notes?
- Explain how the audience will be able to use what they learn?
DCB complex, as a PBC claimed to be nutritionally essential for the symbiosis between the microbiota and the host, plays a role in the prevention of certain diseases, such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, thyroid diseases, depression, oral diseases, obesity, diabetes, viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections.
- How will this help the audience in their job?
DCB complex is potentially useful for increasing the buffering capacity of saliva, positively impacting the oral and gut microbiome, protecting significant probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., improving short-chain fatty acids production, improving intestinal barrier integrity and impermeability, improving the immunity system, developing psychobiotic products with nootropic effects, improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of the microbiome, and providing protection against natural radioactivity in water and soil.
- Is this research that other faculty could use to expand their research or teaching?
New knowledge about the essentiality of B species for a healthy symbiosis between human/animal hosts and microbiota will lead to the use of natural B-based nutraceuticals to target the human/animal microbiome.
- Does this provide a practical solution to a problem that could simplify or make a designer’s job more efficient?
- Will it improve the accuracy of a design, or provide new information to assist in a design problem?
- List all other benefits.
