Biocatalysis, Biofuels, Biotherapeutics

Biocatalysis is a chemical reaction that is carried out by enzymes or other biological catalysts between organic components. In the pharmaceutical industry, biocatalysis is commonly used to make small molecule drugs. Biocatalysis has evolved into a mature and widely used technique over the last two decades. Biocatalysis enables a wide range of primarily carbon-centric reactions in a variety of settings, from cell-free, fully in vitro processes to fermentation-mediated processes in living cell culture. For a variety of reasons, biocatalysis is a viable alternative to classical chemical catalysis.

Any liquid fuel derived from biological material such as trees, agricultural wastes, crops, or grass is referred to as a biofuel. Any carbon source that can be replaced rapidly, such as plants, can be used to make biofuel. Biofuels are renewable energy sources that can be used to replace conventional fossil fuels such as petroleum, propane, coal, and natural gas. By providing an alternative to fossil fuels, biofuels can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and boost energy security. Biofuels have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 1.7 billion tonnes per year by 2050, which is more than 80% of present transportation-related emissions.

Biotherapeutics research is one of the pharmaceutical industry's fastest-growing divisions, accounting for approximately half of all new drug approvals. Biotherapeutic drugs, unlike chemically manufactured small molecule medicines, are created using biological systems. Biotherapeutics has become an important aspect of modern medicine, and it is increasingly being used to treat and prevent major illnesses, infections, and diseases. Biotherapeutics can specifically target molecules within the human body and have a good track record of patient safety. Biotherapeutics are more difficult to manufacture since they are larger compounds in both size and structure, and they can be sensitive to environmental conditions. Biotherapeutics is one of the pharmaceutical industry's fastest-growing segments.