Abstract:
Introduction: The menstrual cycle generates hormonal alterations that influence the physical and emotional well-being and metabolism of women, and can affect eating habits and, consequently, their sports performance.
Objective: To relate the eating habits and perception of effort of physically active women in the Biobío region according to the phase of the menstrual cycle.
Methodology: A quantitative, observational and longitudinal study was carried out in 17 physically active women between 19 and 35 years of age. Data collection was generated during a complete menstrual cycle, where eating habits were recorded through a dietary diary, together with social and clinical aspects. Energy and macronutrient intake, perception of effort through the Borgh Scale, contraceptive use and training frequency were evaluated. The phases of the menstrual cycle were identified through self-report and duration criteria described in the literature.
Results: Most of the participants had energy and macronutrient insufficiency in all phases, with more noticeable decreases in the luteal phase and menstruation. Despite the fact that energy demands increase in the luteal phase, an adequate dietary adjustment was not observed. The perception of effort in the context of physical activity varied according to the phase of the menstrual cycle and was associated with insufficient macronutrient intake.
Conclusion: Women have inadequate eating habits that are poorly aligned with the physiological demands of the menstrual cycle, especially in the luteal phase. These results highlight the need to promote
