Cost-benefit issues, and ethics in precision medicine

Precision medicine (PM) is a type of medicine that tries to enhance patient outcomes by stratifying or personalizing diagnosis and treatment decisions. Many factors influence the cost-effectiveness of targeted interventions, including the prevalence of a particular gene or allele in a population, the accuracy of a test, and the costs of testing and personalized treatment. The prevalence of the genetic "disease" in the target population, the costs of genetic testing and accompanying therapy, and the likelihood of complications or mortality were discovered to be the key elements that determine cost-effectiveness.

Precision medicine divides patients into subgroups so that focused interventions can be developed. This raises concerns regarding privacy, informed consent, and social justice on an ethical level. It also raises concerns regarding cost, what to do with erroneous data, and the function of genetic stratification in patient treatment and monitoring.

• Pharmaceutical industry involvement
• Ethics