Lung Volume Reduction

COPD is a prominent cause of death worldwide, with an increasing incidence, and individuals with severe emphysema might have a poor quality of life due to symptoms that impair functionality. Emphysema causes narrow airway disease and decreased lung elastic recoil, which makes lung hyperinflation from air trapping more likely. An increase in functional residual capacity (FRC) and a decrease in inspiratory capacity are two pulmonary function tests (PFT) that show this obstructive process (IC). Modern surgical interventions for emphysema include transplantation, bullectomy, and lung volume reduction surgery. Early surgical strategies focused on altering the chest wall or diaphragm, but modern surgical interventions for emphysema include transplantation, bullectomy, and lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). The short- and long-term analyses show that LVRS improves respiratory mechanics and develops respiratory muscle strength in specific patient populations across months to years. Patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergo lung volume reduction surgery in order to increase their quantity and quality of life. Because the population is rising, various trials have been conducted to optimise patient selection and determine which subgroups may benefit the most from lung volume reduction surgery.