Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent disease defined by nocturnal breathing interruption due to upper airway collapse on a regular basis. OSA is associated with considerable cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as severe symptoms such as increased daytime somnolence. For efficient management of this disease, a variety of therapy alternatives are currently available. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is still considered the gold standard treatment after more than three decades of use. Nasal CPAP (nCPAP) is very effective at controlling symptoms, improving quality of life, and reducing sleep apnea's clinical consequences. For patients who are unable to tolerate CPAP or who require high amounts of positive pressure, several positive airway pressure techniques are available. Mandibular advancement devices, especially those made to order, are helpful in mild to moderate OSA and offer a viable alternative to CPAP therapy for individuals who are unable to tolerate it. The role of surgery is still debatable. Patients with a craniofacial malformation may benefit from uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, which is a well-established therapy that might be explored if CPAP treatment has failed. Patients with a craniofacial malformation may benefit from maxillopalatopharyngoplasty. A number of minimally invasive snoring treatments are now being tested. All people with obesity benefit from weight loss, and bariatric surgery is a possibility for those with severe obesity. For proper illness management, a multidisciplinary approach is required.