Vaccines are undoubtedly the most important medical technology ever discovered, and since Edward Jenner first tested his smallpox vaccine in 1798, they have resulted in substantial decreases in disease morbidity and mortality. Vaccines have traditionally been made by isolating an infectious pathogen, weakening or inactivating it, and then administering it to face the human immune system. More complex vaccine development strategies have both advantages and disadvantages. Most importantly, they provide a way forward in areas where traditional approaches have failed.
The area of vaccination continues to evolve at a breakneck pace, with more effective and acceptable novel vectors and techniques making their way into clinical use. Along with the advancement of these new rationally designed vaccines, improved and more patient-acceptable delivery mechanisms are being developed to better target and sustain the pain-free injection of antigen. Because the majority of vaccines are still delivered with a hypodermic needle, either intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or intradermally, delivery is critical.
Title : Mucoadhesive electrospun fibrous systems for the fast and sustained delivery of drugs
Luis Jesus Villarreal Gomez, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexico
Title : Pharmaceutics 2023, Singapore, Abstract Pathology and Patient Safety: The Vital Role of Electronic Medical Record and Pathology Informatics in Error Reduction and Precision Medicine
Consolato M Sergi, University of Ottawa, Canada
Title : Values based practice and the impact on Drug discovery, regulation of the Pharma industry and consent in healthcare”
Ashok Handa, Collaborating Centre for Values Based Practice, United Kingdom