Medical Genomics and Precision Medicine

Medical genomics is the study of the genetic roots of medication response and disease using genomic and other data, such as genome structure, proteomics, functional genomics, genome-scale population genetics, epigenomics, systems analysis, and pharmacogenomics. The future of medicine is swiftly transforming thanks to genomic medicine. Unawareness of genetic medicine can create communication obstacles between scientists and non-scientists, as the general public and even general healthcare practitioners may not fully comprehend it. Health-care professionals will need to be trained to recognize how the genome affects a person's health, as well as to comprehend the magnitude of ethical considerations and the consequences of those decisions that they will confront in the future. In genomic medicine, as in any fast-developing field of medicine, more evidence-based research is needed, as clinical evidence currently lags behind science.

Precision medicine (PM) is a medical concept that recommends customizing healthcare by tailoring medical decisions, treatments, behaviors, or goods to a subset of patients rather than using a one-drug-fits-all approach. Diagnostic testing is frequently used in precision medicine to determine appropriate and optimal therapeutics based on a patient's genetic content or other molecular or cellular studies. Molecular diagnostics, imaging, and analytics are some of the tools used in precision medicine. Precision medicine has already resulted in a slew of novel discoveries and therapies that are tailored to specific traits, such as a person's genetic makeup or the genetic profile of a tumor. It does not technically imply the development of patient-specific pharmaceuticals or medical devices, but rather the ability to divide people into subpopulations based on their susceptibility to a disease, the biology or prognosis of diseases they may develop, or their reaction to a certain therapy. Preventive or therapeutic actions can then be focused on individuals who will benefit, while those who will not be saved the expense and negative effects. Although the phrase 'personalized medicine' is also used to express this notion, it is sometimes misconstrued as implying that particular therapies may be tailored to each person.