Dietary xenobiotics refer to compounds found in food that are foreign to the human body, including pesticides, food additives, and environmental contaminants. The health impacts of these xenobiotics can be significant, influencing various physiological processes such as metabolism, nutrient absorption, and the composition of gut microbiota. Studies have shown that certain xenobiotics can disrupt endocrine functions, provoke inflammation, and potentially lead to chronic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. Understanding these interactions is essential for evaluating food safety and formulating public health policies. Additionally, research exploring dietary strategies to mitigate xenobiotic exposure, such as choosing organic foods or employing specific cooking methods, underscores the importance of informed food choices for health promotion. As awareness of dietary xenobiotics increases, ongoing studies aim to better understand their long-term effects on human health and how to minimize their impact through dietary interventions.