Food protection encompasses a comprehensive approach aimed at ensuring the safety, quality, and integrity of food from production to consumption. It involves a series of preventive measures designed to safeguard food against contamination, adulteration, and spoilage, thereby protecting consumer health and maintaining trust in the food supply chain. At the core of food protection are good agricultural practices (GAPs) and good manufacturing practices (GMPs), which provide guidelines for producers and manufacturers on how to produce and process food safely and hygienically. These practices cover a wide range of areas, including soil and water quality management, pest control, worker hygiene, facility sanitation, and proper handling and storage of food products. Finally, food protection is a shared responsibility that requires the collaboration of government authorities, food industry stakeholders, and consumers.
Food protection also entails rigorous food safety standards and regulations that govern the entire food industry. These standards are set by national and international bodies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. They include requirements for labelling, additives, and maximum levels of contaminants, ensuring that food products are safe for consumption and free from harmful substances. Moreover, food protection involves the implementation of hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) systems, which identify, evaluate, and control hazards that are significant for food safety. By focusing on preventing hazards rather than relying solely on end-product testing, HACCP provides a more effective and systematic approach to food safety management.