Micronutrient deficiencies, often referred to as "hidden hunger," involve the inadequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals that are vital for various physiological functions. Common deficiencies include iron, vitamin A, iodine, and vitamin D, which can lead to serious health complications such as anemia, impaired immune function, developmental delays in children, and bone disorders. Nutritional research in this field focuses on identifying at-risk populations, often in low-income or food-insecure regions, and developing interventions like food fortification, supplementation, and education to combat these deficiencies. Addressing micronutrient deficiencies is essential for improving public health, as even mild shortages of these nutrients can affect cognitive function, physical growth, and disease resistance. Preventive measures, including fortifying staple foods like flour and rice, have proven effective in reducing the prevalence of these deficiencies in many parts of the world.