Nutrient-specific molecular studies delve into the direct cellular and molecular effects of individual nutrients, like vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. For example, vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone health by regulating calcium absorption and gene expression related to immune function, while vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that aids in collagen synthesis and wound healing. Similarly, omega-3 fatty acids influence cell membrane fluidity and activate anti-inflammatory pathways, essential for heart and brain health. Nutrients like selenium and zinc also serve as cofactors for enzymes involved in oxidative stress management and DNA repair. By focusing on these molecular functions, researchers gain insights into the precise mechanisms by which nutrients maintain health and prevent disease. This understanding enables the development of personalized dietary interventions targeting specific deficiencies or health conditions, further advancing precision nutrition.