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Nutrigenetics is the study of how genetic variations influence an individual's response to specific nutrients. It is closely related to nutrigenomics, but while nutrigenomics focuses on how diet influences gene expression, nutrigenetics looks at how genetic differences affect nutrient absorption, metabolism, and utilization. For example, some individuals have a genetic variation that impairs their ability to metabolize folate, making them more susceptible to conditions like neural tube defects or cardiovascular disease if they do not consume adequate amounts of folate. Nutritional research in this area is advancing the understanding of personalized nutrition, where dietary recommendations are tailored based on a person’s genetic profile to optimize nutrient intake and reduce the risk of disease. As this field develops, it may become possible to create customized diets that enhance health outcomes by accounting for individual genetic differences.
