Nutritional factors can significantly influence gene expression and function, impacting overall health and disease susceptibility. Nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids can modify gene activity through mechanisms like methylation and histone modification. For example, folate is essential for DNA synthesis and repair, influencing genes involved in cell growth and division. Similarly, omega-3 fatty acids are known to modulate inflammatory genes. Understanding these interactions helps researchers explore how dietary choices can optimize health by promoting beneficial gene expression and minimizing risks for diseases like obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Ongoing studies aim to identify specific nutrients that can enhance gene function and offer personalized dietary recommendations.