Dietary patterns refer to the typical foods and beverages consumed regularly, which collectively influence an individual's health. Instead of examining single foods or nutrients, this approach looks at the broader dietary habits over time. Popular dietary patterns include the Mediterranean diet, known for its emphasis on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, and the Western diet, which is often high in processed foods and refined sugars. Studies in this field aim to understand how these different patterns affect long-term health, including risks for heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Researchers are particularly interested in how balanced eating patterns can promote longevity, while unbalanced diets contribute to chronic illness. These findings help shape public health guidelines and recommendations for healthier lifestyles.