Nutritional molecular pathways refer to the intricate biochemical processes through which nutrients influence cellular function and health outcomes. These pathways involve a variety of signaling mechanisms, including insulin signaling, mTOR, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, all of which are crucial for the regulation of metabolism. For example, nutrient sensing through these pathways plays a significant role in cellular growth, energy balance, and fat storage. Disruptions in these pathways can lead to metabolic disorders, obesity, and other chronic diseases. Current research is focused on elucidating the connections between specific nutrients and their regulatory roles in these pathways, aiming to provide insights that could guide dietary strategies for disease prevention and health optimization. By understanding how nutrients interact with molecular pathways, researchers hope to develop targeted interventions that enhance metabolic health and prevent lifestyle-related diseases.