Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, focusing on their structure, function, and interactions within biological systems. This field is essential in nutritional research as it helps to elucidate how dietary components influence protein expression and function, contributing to health and disease. Through techniques such as mass spectrometry and bioinformatics, researchers can analyze the proteome—the complete set of proteins produced in an organism—under various conditions. This approach allows for the identification of biomarkers for nutrition-related diseases and the understanding of how different diets affect protein profiles. The insights gained from proteomics can inform dietary recommendations, support the development of functional foods, and enhance our understanding of nutrient-disease relationships.