Quality assurance (QA) is a set of operations that ensures product quality during the development process. It's a proactive process that focuses on the product's manufacturing process to prevent problems. The purpose of QA is to optimise the development and testing procedures so that defects do not occur throughout the development of the product. Quality control (QC) is a set of operations aimed at assuring product quality by discovering flaws in the final product. It's a reactive procedure that tries to find (and fix) flaws in production. To ensure that customer requirements are consistently satisfied, quality control can be performed through detecting and removing sources of quality problems. It is often the job of a specific team tasked with testing products for flaws and incorporates the inspection aspect of quality management.
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